Elastic-fluid turbine.



, No. 835,748. PATENTED NOV. 13, 1906.

J. H. 0. BUNGE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION IILBDI'EB. 14;. 1906.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

lZZorrzeg-s No. 835,748. PATENTED Nov. 13,1906.

J. H. 0. BUNGE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.14. 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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JiI i- AW @4 PATENTED NOV. 13. 1906. J. H. O. BUNGB.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILE'D 75313214. 1906.

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UNITED STATES PATENT osmos- LASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

lfaten'td Nov. 13, 1906.

Application filed February 14, ltlOS. Serial No. 300.972.

Siding at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and Stateof New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following This invention relates mainly to that class ofsteam-turbines in which the energy of the steam is develo ed in several successive stages or steps, a thou h certain parts of the invention are also app icable to other styles of turbines. I i

The objects of this invention are to so construct the turbine that wheels of comparatively small diameter can be used while emloying' a comparatively. small nozzle ve' ocity, thereby producing a turbine which is compact in construction and in which the losses ofenergy resulting from the friction of the steam and other causes are reduced to a minimum; also, to provide a simple, convcnient, and effective construction of, the buckets. i

In the accom anying drawings, consisting of-three sheets, igure 1 is a longitudinal sectiona'l elevationof a turbine provided with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a vertical crosssection in line 2 2, Fig. 1. mentary front elevation. Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the'valve-sha'ft in line 4 4, Fig. 3, on an enlarged scale. Fig. 5 is a horizontal fragmentary section, on an enlarged scale, throu h the valve chest, the first bucket-whee and the partition in rear of said wheel, the section being taken approximately through one o the valves'and its seat in line 6 6, Fig. 5. 7 is 'a fragmentary long:- tudinal section of the outer-portions of t first and second wheels and connecting parts.

Fig. 8' is a fragmentary section parallel with the planeof thewheel through the axial" buckets= Fig. 9 is a perspective view ,of'a ortion of the rim of one of the wheels. Fig.

10 is a perspective view of one of the axial buckets. F1 1 1 is a perspective view of one of the radi l buckets. Fig. 12 is 'a side elevation of one ofthewheels, partly, insection. 13 is a faceview of the same. Fig. 14 is Fi a i ongitudinal sectional elevation of oneof the stufi'mgboxes for the turbine shaft.

of the gland removed.

Fig. 15 is afront elevationthereof part is a specifica- Fig. 3 is a frag- Fig. .6 is a cross-section Like letters 'of'reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

A represents the turbine-shaft, supported in front andreari bearings A A on a bed .plateA A Y The turbine-casing consists, preferabl of upper and lower halves B B, joined by orizontalflanges b and provided with front'and rear stuffin -boxes C- C, through which the shaft e'xten s-.'

D represents the steam-chest formed on casing)and provided at one side with a steaminlet steam-nozzles d, by which the steam is sup- "plied to the first stage buckets. These primary steam-nozzles are each controlled by a hollow cylindrical va-lve E, which is arran ed in the chest in front of the nozzle in a cy indrical seat E. The valve-seat is preferably secured in' the front and rear walls of the chest, and the valve ,and seat are 'both provided with longitudinal slots e e, respectively, 'Figs. 1, 5, and 6, so that the rocking motion of the valve controls the admission of the steam to the nozzle. Each valve is rovided with a stem e,-which extends throug a stuffing-box e in the front wall "of the steam- .chest. Y

The turbine represented in the drawings is provided with four wheels or disks F F F F, upon which the steam acts successively in 'assing from the initial-nozzles d to the exiiaustor vacuum s ace; but the'number of these wheels or dis s mav be varied as may be, desirable. Each of these wheels is providedwith three set's'of buckets, a set of radial buckets G on the front side of the wheel, a set of axial bucketsG" on the peripheral face of the wheel, and a set of radial buckets G on the rear side of the wheel, and the steam-passages are a so arranged that the steam acts successivel upon the front buckets G, the axial buc ets G, andthe rear buckets G? of each wheel. I.

' The several heels are se arated by partie tions H H H which exten from the hubsf .of the wheels to thecas'in and. which are the casing. for exposing the wheels'.

The initial nozzles d are arranged. to deilX'GI the steam to the inner ortions of the radial front buckets G of the st or primary wheel F, and the casing is provided on the and in its rear wall with .a series of;

the front wall I) of the upper part B of the preferably made in halves l1 e-the casing, so that theycan be removed with the halves of prefera with their front portions opposite the passage i and with their rear portions opposite the front portions of the axial buckets G of the first wheel F. The steam passes into these guide-buckets I in an outward direction at the front and is reversed in direction bypassing through these buckets and delivered in an inward direction from the rear portions of these buckets to the front portions of the axial buckets G of the first wheel, The casing is provided in rear of said guide-buckets I with a passage K, which is arran ed opposite the rear portions of the axial dnuckets'G of the first wheel and receives the steam therefrom and delivers the steam rearwardly beyond the wheel.

The uide-buckets I and the passage K are bly contained in a ring which is arranged in the front portion of the casing outside of the first wheel F.

The steam escaping rearwardly from the passage K enters the outer portions of radial guide-buckets L, which extend inwardly on the rear side of the first wheel F and deliver the steam to the outer portions of the rear The steam es'- buckets G of the first wheel. capes from the inner portions of the rear buckets G into a steam-space m, which is provided on its rear side with secondary nozzles d, by which the steam is delivered against the radial front buckets G of the second wheel F. The steam passes from the outer portions of these buckets. through a passage 71 to the axial guide-buckets G, and

thence through a assage K and guide-buckets L to the rear uckets G from which the steam passes to the next steam-space m, which delivers the steam by itsnozzles d" to the next following wheel.

The guide-buckets L, steam-space.m, secondary nozzles d, passage i, guide-buckets and passage K are preferably contained in the first partition H, as shown, and these parts are contained in the same relation with reference to the respective wheels in each I following partition H H.

The number of nozzles and the size of the buckets and passages and the diameters of the wheels are preferably increased in the direction in which the steam passes through the turbine in order to keep the steam velocity in these arts approximately constant as its volume increases with the decreasing pressure in the successive stages.

The steam passes from the passage K of the last partition H to the outer portions of a set of radial guide-buckets L contained in a ring Z, thence to the outer ortions of the rear buckets G -of the last w eel F and es capes from the inner portions of these buckets into an annular chamber N, which connects with the condenser or exhaust.

It will be seen fromthe foregoing that the passage of the steam is convertedinto velocity in successive steps or stages and that during each pressure step or stage the steam acts successively upon the front radial buckets, the axial buckets, and the rear radial buckets of a wheel. This means of utilizing the energy of the steam produces comparatively low nozzle velocities of the steam and a comparatively low peripheral speed of the Wheels, ermits the employment of comparative y small wheels, reduces losses by the friction of the steam against the buckets and guideassages, and avoids end thrust.

The buc 'ets are preferably made separate from the wheels, as shown, and stamped out of sheet steel or other suitable material and Figs. 1, 712. I

For the reception of the axial buckets G the peripheral face of the wheel is provided with an annular channel formed by an annular rim 0 and.outwardly-projecting flanges 0. Each of these flanges has an inwardlyov'erhanging ledge or lip 0 and the two flanges are arranged so far apart that the fiat bottom plate 9 of the bucket will fit between them. The lips O are provided on their inner opposing faces with inclined grooves 0 arranged in pairs, into which theedg'es of the plate 9 of the bucket are inserted, the bottom of the bucket resting, preferably, on the bottom of the channel. The bucket is straight across the top and half round or curved at the bottom and has a raised -marginal flange 9" along its round-ed bottom. This flange rests against the under sides of the ledges O of the wheel and also against the bottom plate of the next following bucket, so that the bottom of one bucket forms the top or cover for the next adjacent bucket. The bucket being somewhat wider than the space between the ledges O of the wheel, the bucket must be e rung, in order to introduce the flange g of t e bucket underneath the ledges of the wheel and the flat portion of the bucket into the grooves 0 When the bucket has been so inserted, it is securely held in place by the flange of the bucket engaging underneath the ledges of the wheel.

For the reception of the front radial buckets G the wheel is provided on its flat front side with an annular channel P, formed be tween the peripheral rim 0 and an axial annular flange P below the same. The rim 0 is rovided on its under side with an annular le gep, having oblique grooves for the rece tion of the outer edge 99 of the buckets. Th e bucket is provided at its inner edge with an angular extensionor wing which fits against the edge and inner si e of the annular flange P of the wheel. The bucketrests with the lower art of its flange g against the j upper side of t e flange P and is secured to the latter by a rivet. p.

The rear radial buckets G are secured by similar means in a channel formed between the peri heral rim O and an annular flange 1 below t e same. These buckets are readily stamped of smooth sheet metal at comparativelysmall expense and are secured to the wheels in a' very simple,,durable,,and inex pensive manner. The buckets of each set are uniform in weight, shape, and size and answer thepurpose well, especially when the peri heral velocity of the wheel is comparative y low.

Asshown in Fig. 7, theaxial guide-buckets I may be secured by devices similar to those which have been described with reference to the axial buckets G of the wheel and the radialguide-buckets L by devices similar to those which have been described with ref g'eice to the front and rear radial buckets The stuffing-boxes C C, which surround the shaft at the front and rear walls of the casing, are constructed with sinuous passages, to which steam is en plied for the purpose of preventing steam f i'om leaking along the shaft. Each of these boxes is constructed as'follows: Q, Figs. 1, 14, and 15, represents a collar, which is secured to the shaft within the stuffing-box C, between the bottom ring Q and the cover or gland Q thereof. 'This collar is provided at both sides with concentric annular projections g, which extend into spaces between similar annular roject-ions 9' f ring Q and the cover Q of the box. These annular projections taper, preferably, from the base to the edge and fit between each other or intermesh with a slight clearance.

T e steam fills the sinuous assages between the annular projections, ut is driven away from the shaft by the created by the rotation of the collar Q and its annular projections. This centrifugal action and the friction-which the steam en.- counters in the narrow sinuous passages between the rotating ring and the stationary parts of the box result in a practical equi librium of pressure around the shaft, so-that no leakage of steam can take place from the inside of the casing to the outer air at the front or high ressure end of the casing or of air to the inside of the casing at the vacuum side or rear end of the casing. vThe con centrifugal force formed, respectively, on t e bottom The box is provided the drain-passage g and pipe q.

The steam-valves E, which control the supply of steam to the initial nozzles d, are automatically operated by a governor of any suitable construction arranged on the main shaft A in a casing R. The mechanism by which the valves are operated from the governor is constructed as follows, Figs. 1-6:

R represents the collar, which is mounted on the shaft A- and shifted by the governor axially thereon. R is a lever which is pivoted to the governor-casing R or some other suit able support and is connected with its lower bifurcated arm to the collar R, while its upper arm is connected to a rod R which extends upwardly to the valve mechanism. This rod is preferabl 1 composed of two parts, which are connecte by an adjusting-nut 1'. The rod R is provided at its upper end with a gear-rack r, which meshes with a pinion r on the horizontal valve-shaft s. The latter is provided with a series of cams S, one for each valve, so secured to the shaft that the valves are opened and closed successively. These cams bear upon upright actuatingrods t, which arepreferably provided with antifriction-rollers t and held against the cam by springs t The rods connect at their lower ends with arms 25 on the outer ends of the valve-stems e The upright rods t are guided in slide-bearings t, which are attached by pivot-bolts t to a horizontaL supporting-bar t, extending across the front of the steam-chest between the brackets t in which the horizontal shaft 3 is journaled.

The springs 21 are supported on the bearings As the action of the governor turnsthe shaft in the opposite direction the springs on the actuatingerods return the valves toward their, closed position and finally close the same successively. 1 I

The valves being balanced and the mechanism being very simple in construction and direct in its action, the resistance which the governor is required to overcome in operating the valves is but slight, and the mechanism is therefore very sensitive in its action.

I claim as my invention v 1. The combination of a turbinewheel having radial front and rear buckets and termediate axial buckets, a nozzle which sup-' plies the steam to the radial front buckets, and means for conducting the steam from the radial front buckets to the axial buckets and from the latter to the radial rear buckets,

I ing radial front and rear buckets and -inter- 'tially as set forth.

having radial front and rear buckets and intermediate axial buckets, means for supplying steam to the radial front buckets, and a casing provided with guide-buckets through which the steam passes between the radial front buckets and the axial buckets, and between the latter and the radial rear buckets, substantially as set forth.

, 3. The combination of a turbine-wheel having radial front and rear buckets and intermediate axial buckets, means for supplying steam to the radial front buckets, and a casing provided with axial guide-buckets which receive the steam from the radial front buckets of the Wheel and deliver the steam to the axial buckets thereof, and radial guidebuckets which receive the steam from the axial buckets of the wheel and deliver the steam to the radial rear buckets thereof, substantially as set forth.

.4. The combination of a turbine-Wheel having radial front and rear buckets and intermediate axial buckets, 'a nozzle arranged to supply steam to the inner portions of the radial front buckets, a casing having a steampassage Which receives the steam from the outer portions of the radial front buckets, axial guide buckets which receive the steam from'said passage and deliver the steam to the front portions of the axial Wheel-buckets, a passage in said casing which receives the steam from the rear portions of said axial Wheel-buckets, and radial guide-buckets ar'' ranged to receive the steam from said lastmentioned passage in their outer portionsand deliver the steam to the outer portions of the; rear radial wheehbuckets, substan-. tially as set forth. i

5. I a multistage-turbine, the combination of successive turbine-wheels,.each having radial front and rear buckets and intermediate axial buckets, a nozzle which delivers the steam to the radial front buckets of the primary Wheel, means-for conducting the steam from the radial front buckets of each wheel to the axial buckets and from the latter to the radial rear buckets, and means for conducting the steam from the radial rear buckets of the primary Wheel to the radial front buckets of the succeeding Wheel, substantially as set forth. j

6. Ir a multistage-turbine, the combination of successive turbine-wheels, each havmediate axial buckets, a nozzle which delivers the steam to the radial front buckets of the primary Wheel, and an inclosing casing having a partition between said Wheels and provided with axial uide-buckets between the radial front and t e axial wheel-buckets, and r dial guide-buckets between the axial and e rear radial wheel buckets, substan 7. In a multistage-turbine, the combination of successive turbine-wheels, each having radial front and rear buckets and inter mediate axial buckets, a casing, and a parti tion arranged between said Wheels, said casing being provided with a steam-chest and nozzles for supplying steam to the front buckets of the primary Wheel and with axial guidebuckets through which the steam passes be.-

tween said front'buckets and the axial Wheel-- buckets, and said partition being provided with radial guide-buckets through which the steam passes between the axial and the rear wheel-buckets and With a secondary nozzle which receives the steam from the rear wheel-- 9. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-channel having on opposite sides inwardly-overhanging lips which are provided with grooves for the buckets, and buckets adapted to be inserted With their side portions into said grooves and to be sprung into said channel beneath said lips, substantially as set forth.

10. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-channel and oblique buckets removably arranged therein, each bucket having a flat outer portion and a flanged inner portion, and the flat outer portion of one bucket extending over the flanged inner portion of the adjacent bucket, substantially as set forth.

11. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-channel having opposite, inwardly overhan ing lips which are provided with rooves or the buckets, and buckets havin at outer portions "which are arranged in said grooves and flanged inner portions which are arranged beneath said lips, substantially as set forth.'

' 12.- In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-channel having on one side an in- Wardlyoverhanging lip provided With grooves for the buckets, and buckets having at outer portions and flanged inner portions,

the buckets having on one side an extension Which is secured to the adjacent side of the channel and being arran ed at the opposite side in the grooves of the lip, substantially as set forth.

13. In a turbine, the combination of an axial bucketchannel having inwardly-overhanging ooved lips on opposite sides, a radial buc et-channel having aninwardlyoverhanging grooved lip on one side, axial buckets arranged in said axial channel and provided with flat outer portions whichare arranged 1n said grooves and flanged inner portions which are arranged beneath said liiis,

. Witness Inyhand 5th day of February, and radial $1i10kets-arranged i said *radial 1906. 0 anne an aving on one si e extensions which are secured to the adjacent side of the JULIUS BUNGE' 5 Channel and arranged at he opposite side in Witnesses:

" EDWARD WILHELM,"

- forth. Q. B.IHORNBEOK.

the-grooves of the lip, substantially as set 

